ST 031 "PIRANHA"
With the help of the ST 031 instrument, one can find solution to the following monitoring-and-search tasks:
1. Detection and localization of radio-emitting STM.
These means primarily include the following:
• radio microphones;
• telephone retransmitters;
• radio stethoscopes;
• concealed video cameras equipped with a radio channel for transmission of information;
• technical means of the systems for spatial radio frequency irradiation within a radio band;
• technical means for transmission of a picture from PC monitor via a radio channel;
• radio-range beacons of the systems used for moving objects monitoring (e.g. people, transportation means, goods etc.);
• unauthorized operating radio stations, radiophones, and telephones with radio-extension;
• technical means for data processing, whose operation is accompanied by generation of side electromagnetic radiation (components in a PC, fax machines, photocopying machines, some types of telephones etc.).
2. Detection and localization of STM means operating with emission of radiation within infrared band.
These means primarily include the following:
• STM means capable of transmitting in an infrared frequency band;
• technical means of the systems of spatial irradiation within infrared band.
3. Detection and localization of STM means which use conducive lines of various intended application, for transmission of information.
These means may include:
• STM means which use alternating current electric lines of the power supply network, for transmitting of the intercepted information.
• STM means which use subscriber’s telephone lines, the lines of fire alarm systems and security alarm systems, for transmitting of the intercepted information.
4. Detection and localization of the sources of electromagnetic fields with predominance (presence) of magnetic component of the field, as well as analysis of technical means capable of converting speech information.
The number of such sources and technical means typically include the following:
• dynamic irradiators of acoustic systems (dynamic speakers);
• output transformers in audio amplifiers;
• electric motors in tape recorders and dictaphones.
5. Reveling of the most vulnerable locations, from the point of view of possible generation of vibro-acoustic channels for information leakage, and assessment of efficiency of vibro-acoustic protection systems employed in various premises.
6. Reveling of the most vulnerable locations, from the point of view of possible generation of channels for acoustic information leakage, and assessment of efficiency of sound insulation employed in various premises
HF detector/frequency meter
In this mode, the instrument ensures reception of radio signals within the band of 30 to 2500 MHz, envelope detection of signals and forms audio output for auditory monitoring and analysis in the form of alternate tone beeps (clicks), or in the form of phonograms for their listening with the help of the built-in loudspeaker, or the headphones.
At any time, the most powerful radio signal of all existing signals is being received against the background formed by the natural interference environment. The level of this signal, comparatively to the preset detector’s threshold, is displayed on the two-lines indicator having a 40-segment scale.
The difference in application of the two scales is as follows: the upper scale (D) indicates the averaged amplitude of the envelope-detected signal, whereas the lower scale (A) indicates the peak values of the signal. Consequently, in the upper line, the signals with AM- and FM-modulation will be dominating, however, in the lower line the signals similar to pulse-type signals will be dominating (such as DECT, GSM). The presence of indication in both the lines would prompt that a mixed type of signal is received at the sensor’s input (for instance, TV signal).
In case of consistent reception of a signal having “a fortiori” known parameters, a message with signal identification appears under the digital scale indicating the signal level.
Indication of detected signals in the following standards is provided: GSM (with the message “GSM”), DECT (with the message “DECT”).
Depending on the conditions and the purpose of the monitoring-and-search operations it is possible to perform selection and setting the required (the most reasonable) threshold for the detector.
Simultaneously, the measurements of the current frequency values of the received redio-signal is performed, along with determination of its most stable value of the frequency (for the signals having constant carrier frequency). Both the values are displayed on the screen.
Changes in frequency value is displayed on the screen in the form of a horizontal line having dynamically changing length (there is a reverse proportional relationship between the length of the line and the frequency stability, i.e. the high unsteadiness of the radio signal frequency corresponds to the shorter length of the indicator line).
Conducting line analyzer
In this mode, the instrument provides reception and display of parameters for the signals detected in conductive wire lines used for various purposes (electric supply mains, telephone networks, local area computer networks, fire alarm networks, security alarm networks etc.), whether these lines are de-energized, or energized, under (DC or AC) voltage, up to 600 V.
Connecting the ST 031 instrument to the analyzed line is performed via adapter for the conductive lines scanning analyzer using special connecting extensions. Reception of signals is performed by means of automatic or manual scanning within the frequency range of
00.1 – 15 MHz. The frequency tuning increment is constant and makes 5 kHz and 1 kHz for automatic and manual scanning respectively.
For adaptation of the instrument’s adjustments to the conditions and purpose of the monitoring-and-search operations, selection of direction of scanning and auto-scanning speed is provided, along with selection of the required boundaries for the range of tuning.
Auto-scanning halt function is provided depending on the preset threshold, as well as the spectrogram subtraction mode.
Classification of signals in the examined conductive lines is performed based on the analysis of automatically displayed panorama, which depicts the spectrum of component frequencies of the signal. Auditory monitoring of the received signal can be provided via the built-in loudspeaker, or via the headphones.
For adaptation of the instrument’s adjustments to the conditions and purpose of the monitoring-and-search operations, selection of direction of scanning and auto-scanning speed is provided, along with selection of the required boundaries for the range of tuning.
Auto-scanning halt function is provided depending on the preset threshold, as well as the panoramas subtraction (comparison) mode.
With connecting a scanning receiver (AR5000, 8000, 8200) to the ST 031, it is possible to set the receiving frequency of the scanning receiver to have the value of the frequency of the received signal (for ST 031P only).
Infrared detector
In this mode, the instrument provides reception of radiation generated by the sources capable of emitting in infrared range. Detection of signals is provided, with the output for auditory monitoring and analysis. Listening is provided by the built-in loudspeaker, as well as by the headphones.
At any time, the most powerful signal of all signals existing in the working range is being received, against the background formed by the natural interference environment.
The level of this signal, comparatively to the preset detector’s threshold, is displayed on the indicator having a 21-segment scale. Depending on the conditions and the purpose of the monitoring-and-search operations it is possible to perform selection and setting the required (the most reasonable) threshold for the instrument.
Low frequency magnetic field detector
In this mode of operation reception of the signals is ensured, the signals originated from the sources of low frequency electromagnetic fields with predominance of magnetic component of the field, within the range of 300 to 5000 Hz, and the signal’s parameters display is provided.
Classification of signals and their sources is performed based on the analysis of the displayed oscillogram, and listening with the help of the built-in loudspeaker or the headphones.
For operation in a complex interference environment, differential connection of the magnetic antenna is provided.
VIBRO-ACOUSTIC CONVERTER
In this mode the instrument provides reception from the external vibro-acoustic sensor and displays parameters of low-frequency signals in the range of 300 to 6000 Hz.
Assessment of security conditions is made on the basis of analysis of the displayed oscillogram or spectrogdam and listening to the received low-frequency signal. For this purpose, either the built-in loudspeaker or the headphones can be used.
ACOUSTIC CONVERTER
In this mode the instrument provides reception with the external acoustic sensor (remote microphone) and displays parameters of low-frequency signals in the range of 300 to 6000 Hz.
Assessment of condition of sound insulation in the premises and revelation of possible information leakage channels is made on the basis of analysis of the displayed oscillogram or spectrogdam and by listening to the audio signal. For this purpose, either the built-in loudspeaker or the headphones can be used.
LOW FREQUENCY DIFFERENTIAL AMPLIFIER
In this mode the instrument provides reception and displays parameters of signals in conductive lines with the voltage up to 100 volts, within the range of audio frequencies (300 to 6000 Hz).
In this mode, it is possible to reveal:
- active microphones, as well as passive microphones (not equipped with a preamplifier);
- “microphone effect” originating from the office equipment, domestic radio-electronic appliances, security-and-fire alarm networks etc., in the examined line.
Symmetrical input of the CLDA adapter allows to effectively suppers external interference signals.
Connecting the ST 031 instrument to the analyzed line is made via the conductive line differential adapter (CLDA) with the help of special connecting extensions.
Revelation of the perilous signals in the line is performed on the basis of the oscillogram or spectrogram displayed on the screen and by listening to the audio signal. For this purpose, either the built-in loudspeaker or the headphones can be used.
OSCILLOSCOPE
The instrument provides the same general measurement functions, like amplitude, frequency, time parameters measurement for the analyzed signals, which functions are typical for commonly used oscilloscopes.
The unit can operate in single-channel, or in two-channel mode. The standard mode is single-channel with the oscilloscope input connected to the output of the amplitude detector of the main channel of the instrument.
Switching to this mode is performed automatically when the instrument is used in low frequency magnetic fields detector mode, in vibro-acoustic, acoustic, and conductive lines’ acoustic receiver mode; when the instrument operates in radio frequency
detector-frequency meter mode, conductive lines scanning analyzer mode, and infrared radiation detector mode, it can be switched to oscilloscopic mode by depressing the “OSC” button.
Two-channel mode of the oscilloscope is an auxiliary mode and can be used, for instance, for comparison of the signal received by the main channel of the instrument, against some external standard signal fed to the instrument via an auxiliary connector “OSC 2”. The single-channel oscilloscopic mode is also auxiliary mode (common low-frequency oscilloscope) when the examined signal is fed to the instrument via the auxiliary connector “OSC 2”.
In the oscilloscope, the options are available based on the software capabilities, for selection of the vertical sweep parameters and control of displacement of the “beam” along the vertical axis, selection of boundaries for horizontal sweep, selection of digitizing methods applied for signals and synchronization options, as well as implementation of cursor measurements procedure.
This makes for buildup of oscillograms and assessment of signals’ parameters under various conditions of carrying out the monitoring-and-search works.
SPECTRUM ANALYZER
This mode provides the same general functions of measurements for amplitude and frequency parameters of the examined signals, which are typical for commonly used spectrum analyzers.
The algorithm of the instrument’s operation is based on calculation of 256-point FFT with amplitude dynamic range of the result to cover 96 dB.
The unit can operate in either single-channel or two-channel mode. The standard mode is single-channel with the spectrum analyzer input connected to the output of the amplitude detector of the main channel of the instrument. The two-channel mode of the spectrum analyzer is optional, and can be used, for instance, like in the oscilloscope, for comparison of the spectrum of the signal received by the main channel of the instrument, against the spectrum of some external standard signal fed to the auxiliary input via connector “OSC 2”.
The single-channel mode of the spectrum analyzer is also an auxiliary mode (a common low-frequency spectrum analyzer mode) when the examined signal is fed to the auxiliary input via connector “OSC 2”.
In the spectrum analyzer, the options are available based on the software capabilities, for selection of the vertical sweep parameters and the boundaries for horizontal sweep, types of spectral analysis, as well as implementation of cursor measurements procedure. This makes for optimal buildup of spectrograms and assessment of signals’ parameters.
